395396; Watson, pp. 453455; Brooke, pp. A year later his son, the future George IV, became prince regent, giving him effective rule for the War of 1812 and Napoleons final defeat at Waterloo in 1815. His capacity for synthesis, and his ability to dovetail the various parts of the evidence carried him into a more profound and complicated elaboration of error than some of his more pedestrian predecessors he inserted a doctrinal element into his history which, granted his original aberrations, was calculated to project the lines of his error, carrying his work still further from centrality or truth. https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-III, The Home of the Royal Family - Biography of George III, Encyclopedia Virginia - George III (17381820), PBS - American Experience - Biography of King George III, Spartacus Educational - Biography of George III, George III - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), George III - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). In 1760 George III commissioned the Gold State Coach is an enclosed, eight horse-drawn carriage still used by the British Royal Family today. "[16] Nevertheless, George and his mother, Princess Augusta, resisted attempts by the King to marry George to Princess Sophie Caroline of Brunswick-Wolfenbttel. [73], During the summer of 1779, a combined French-Spanish naval fleet threatened to invade England and transport 31,000 French troops across the English Channel. He then became King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. He served as his Prime Minister between 1762 and his resignation in April 1763. Now more interested in his grandson, three weeks later the King created George Prince of Wales. Check out our king george color selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops. In 1783, given British certificates of freedom, 3,000 former slaves, including their families, settled in Nova Scotia. [116] Faced with opposition to his religious reform policies from both the King and the British public, Pitt threatened to resign. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! War & Affiliation Revolutionary War / British. He reflected that the Northern colonies had developed into Britain's "successful rivals" in commercial trade and fishing. The King drafted an abdication notice, which was never delivered. gray What is King George III favorite color? Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany, Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex, Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh, King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Princess Sophie Caroline of Brunswick-Wolfenbttel, Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, Prince Henry, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn, Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh, petitions to the Crown for intervention with Parliament, William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland, London Society of West India Planters and Merchants, An Act for the Abolition of the Slave Trade, English and British sovereigns had maintained, United States Declaration of Independence, Charlotte, Princess Royal and Queen of Wrttemberg, Charlotte, Princess Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Augusta, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Frederica, Baroness Alfons of Pawel-Rammingen, Alexandra, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Ernest Augustus, Hereditary Prince of Brunswick, Prince George William of Hanover and Cumberland, Princess Caroline of Brunswick-Wolfenbttel, Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Princess Friederike of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh, Princess Sophia Dorothea of Brunswick-Celle, John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, Princess Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach, Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, Princess Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst, "Famous Loyalists of the Revolutionary War Era", "King George III, bipolar disorder, porphyria and lessons for historians", "The acute mania of King George III: A computational linguistic analysis", Why Andrew Roberts Wants Us to Reconsider King George III, "Reasons for the success of the abolitionist campaign in 1807", "Black Abolitionists and the end of the transatlantic slave trade", "The Ex-Slaves Who Fought with the British", "Transatlantic slave trade and abolition", "Nelson, Trafalgar, and those who served", "Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family", Online 90-minute video lecture given at Ohio State in 2006; requires Real Player, "The 'insanity' of King George III: a classic case of porphyria", "Porphyria in the Royal Houses of Stuart, Hanover, and Prussia", George III papers, including references to madhouses and insanity from the Historic Psychiatry Collection, Menninger Archives, Kansas Historical Society, Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh, Augusta, Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbttel, William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh, Caroline Matilda, Queen of Denmark and Norway, George III and the Prince of Wales Reviewing Troops, Prince Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale, Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Prince Charles Edward, Duke of Albany and of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Prince Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick, Alastair, 2nd Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, Johann Leopold, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, James Mountbatten-Windsor, Viscount Severn, Archie Mountbatten-Windsor#Title, styles and succession, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_III&oldid=1142248793, British people of the American Revolution, Burials at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Pages using Sister project links with wikidata mismatch, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. A)_____ . Overseas trade expanded, but the riches of the East India Company made no significant contribution to the state. During that time, England had epic highs, like defeating Napoleon and spreading its empire. [98] Treatment for mental illness was primitive by modern standards; the King's doctors, who included Francis Willis, treated the King by forcibly restraining him until he was calm, or applying caustic poultices to draw out "evil humours". George III, in full George William Frederick, German Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, (born June 4 [May 24, Old Style], 1738, Londondied January 29, 1820, Windsor Castle, near London), king of Great Britain and Ireland (1760-1820) and elector (1760-1814) and then king (1814-20) of Hanover, during a period when Britain won an empire in the Seven Years' War but lost its American colonies and . Eye Color: add-Submit. "[150], In Germany, he was "Duke of Brunswick and Lneburg, Arch-Treasurer and Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire" (Herzog von Braunschweig und Lneburg, Erzschatzmeister und Kurfrst des Heiligen Rmischen Reiches[151]) until the end of the empire in 1806. Inheriting a vast estate at the age of 15 made her the most sought-after bride of her generation. He was incapable of knowing or understanding that he was declared King of Hanover in 1814, or that his wife died in 1818. It was the furthest he had ever been from Londonjust short of 100 miles (160km)but his condition worsened. As king, in 1761, he asked Bute for a review of all eligible German Protestant princesses to save a great deal of trouble, as marriage must sooner or later come to pass. He chose Charlotte Sophia of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and married her on September 8, 1761. Meanwhile, George's health deteriorated. George suffered a final relapse in 1810, and his eldest son, the Prince of Wales, became Prince Regent the following year. It is clear that, in beginning with his 18th birthday to prepare conscientiously for his future responsibilities, he tormented himself with thoughts of his inadequacy. [105] The King was conciliatory towards Fox, after being forced to capitulate over his appointment. [145] Scholars of the later twentieth century, such as Butterfield and Pares, and Macalpine and Hunter,[146] are inclined to treat George sympathetically, seeing him as a victim of circumstance and illness. Butes only other useful contribution to his royal pupil was to encourage his interest in botany and to implant in the court more respect for the graces of life, including patronage of the arts, than had been usual for the past half century. George III was dubbed "Farmer George" by satirists, at first to mock his interest in mundane matters rather than politics, but later to portray him as a man of the people, contrasting his homely thrift with his son's grandiosity. [81], When John Adams was appointed American minister to London in 1785, George had become resigned to the new relationship between his country and the former colonies. The subsequent Congress of Vienna led to significant territorial gains for Hanover, which was elevated from an electorate to a kingdom. This unequal growth of brain and heart made him difficult to teach and too easy to command and produced in him an appearance of apathy; he could not read properly until he was 11. He then continued as duke until the Congress of Vienna declared him "King of Hanover" in 1814. He was re-elected and expelled twice more, before the House of Commons resolved that his candidature was invalid and declared the runner-up as the victor. Lord Grenville perceived an injustice to Fox, and refused to join the new ministry. The two former ministers were each dangerous as a focal point for criticism of the new government under the touchy captaincy of Bute. [79] In early 1783, George III privately conceded "America is lost!" After petitions to the Crown for intervention with Parliament were ignored, the rebel leaders were declared traitors by the Crown and a year of fighting ensued. [28] George came to be perceived as favouring Tory ministers, which led to his denunciation by the Whigs as an autocrat. Ayling, p. 194; Brooke, pp. Early in his reign, Great Britain defeated France in the Seven Years' War, becoming the dominant European power in North America and India. View casting suggestions for King George III, and make your own suggestions for roles you think they should play in upcoming films! George III became king of Great Britain and Ireland in 1760 following his grandfather George IIs death. On 25 March 1807 George III signed into law An Act for the Abolition of the Slave Trade, under which the transatlantic slave trade was banned in the British Empire. In 1765 he was being vilified by the gutter press organized by the parliamentary radical John Wilkes, while patriotic gentlemen, moved by Pitt or Newcastle, suspected that the peace had been botched and that the king was conspiring with Bute against their liberties. As it turns out, Queen Charlotte and King George . The King then appointed Lord Shelburne to replace him. [154], From his succession until 1800, George bore the royal arms: Quarterly, I Gules three lions passant guardant in pale Or (for England) impaling Or a lion rampant within a tressure flory-counter-flory Gules (for Scotland); II Azure three fleurs-de-lys Or (for France); III Azure a harp Or stringed Argent (for Ireland); IV tierced per pale and per chevron (for Hanover), I Gules two lions passant guardant Or (for Brunswick), II Or a semy of hearts Gules a lion rampant Azure (for Lneburg), III Gules a horse courant Argent (for Saxony), overall an escutcheon Gules charged with the crown of Charlemagne Or (for the dignity of Archtreasurer of the Holy Roman Empire). The act was fervently opposed in America, especially by the pamphleteers whose paper would be taxed. [4][5] One month later he was publicly baptised at Norfolk House, again by Secker. Born and educated in this country, he said, I glory in the name of Britain.. He was restrained with a straitjacket and suffered various treatments as crisis of rule unfolded around him. This ideal George thought he had found personified in John Stuart, 3rd earl of Bute, who became his inspiration, his teacher, and later his chief minister. xv, 214, 301. [150], Before his succession, George was granted the royal arms differenced by a label of five points Azure, the centre point bearing a fleur-de-lis Or on 27 July 1749. In 1764 Prime Minister George Grenville introduced the Stamp Act as a way of raising revenue in the American colonies. Ayling, p. 378; Cannon and Griffiths, p. 518. The most likely diagnosis, using more recent techniques, is bipolar disorder. However, in the mid-twentieth century the work of Lewis Namier, who thought George was "much maligned", started a re-evaluation of the man and his reign. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Height: add- . On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. King George III's urine and indigo blue Lancet. 301302; Watson, p. 323. Though the marriage was entered into in the spirit of public duty, it lasted for more than 50 years, due to the kings need for security and his wifes strength of character. The kings failure lay in his tactlessness and inexperience, and it was not his fault that no one group was strong enough to control the Commons. In truth, however, the king was not guilty of causing chaos by intrigue. [140] George's collection of mathematical and scientific instruments is now owned by King's College London but housed in the Science Museum, London, to which it has been on long-term loan since 1927. Here are 10 facts about King George III. In 1770, his brother Prince Henry, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn, was exposed as an adulterer. Queen Elizabeth's first son Charles has blue eyes. Both kingdoms were in a personal union under him until the Acts of Union 1800 merged them on 1 January 1801. Dunmore's Proclamation inspired slaves to escape from captivity and fight for the British. Tell two ways it is similar. St James's Palace was retained for official use. [6], George grew into a healthy, reserved and shy child. Catesby and others hoped to replace the read more, George Washington (1732-99) was commander in chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War (1775-83) and served two terms as the first U.S. president, from 1789 to 1797. [155][156], Following the Acts of Union 1800, the royal arms were amended, dropping the French quartering. He drafted an abdication speech but in the end decided to defer to Parliaments peace negotiations. [74], In late 1779, George III advocated sending more British warships and troops, guarding the English Channel, across the Atlantic, to the West Indies. Ayling, pp. It may be that the gentian in his medicine was responsible for turning his urine blue. MORE RESULTS. Letter from Duke of York to George IV, quoted in Brooke, p. 386. 107109; Watson, pp. [67] After Saratoga, both Parliament and the British people were in favour of the war; recruitment ran at high levels and although political opponents were vocal, they remained a small minority. She was the second-longest-reigning English royal in history, topped only by her great-great-granddaughter Queen Elizabeth II. [39], Later that year, the Royal Proclamation of 1763 placed a limit upon the westward expansion of the American colonies and created an Indian reserve. As he was born two months prematurely and thought unlikely to survive, he was baptised the same day by Thomas Secker, who was both Rector of St James's, Piccadilly, and Bishop of Oxford. [23], George, in his accession speech to Parliament, proclaimed: "Born and educated in this country, I glory in the name of Britain.". With George's mother, Princess Augusta of Wales (1719-1772), he tried to conceal the king's symptoms of fatigue, depression, and forgetfulness from George's wife Queen Charlotte (1744-1818). He never invested in any of the companies that did such a thing. Grafton did not formally become prime minister until 1768. King George III reigned from 25 October 1760 until 29th January 1820, a total of 59 years, 3 months and 2 days. King George II disliked the Prince of Wales and took little interest in his grandchildren. From his parents and their entourage, the young George imbibed an unreasonable dislike of his grandfather, King George II, and of all his policies. Why do you think King George III is wearing the color gold and fur is draped all around him? By her death in 1603, read more. [100] In February 1789, the Regency Bill, authorising the Prince of Wales to act as regent, was introduced and passed in the House of Commons, but before the House of Lords could pass the bill, George III recovered. [118] On 14 March 1801, Pitt was formally replaced by the Speaker of the House of Commons, Henry Addington. The gilded equestrian statue of the King in New York was pulled down. In an additional difference, the crown of Charlemagne was not usually depicted on the arms of the heir, only on the Sovereign's. The attempt to make the American colonists meet their own administrative costs only aroused them to resistance. 334343; Brooke, p. 332; Fraser, p. 282. Grenville pushed through the Slave Trade Act 1807, which passed both houses of Parliament with large majorities. Explain why this attire looks out of place in his elaborate surroundings. [34] Of his art collection, the two most notable purchases are Johannes Vermeer's Lady at the Virginals and a set of Canalettos, but it is as a collector of books that he is best remembered. France ceded Canada to Britain, in addition to all land between the Allegheny Mountains and the Mississippi River, except New Orleans, which was ceded to Spain. 6. [111] James Hadfield's failed attempt to shoot the King in the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, on 15 May 1800 was not political in origin but motivated by the apocalyptic delusions of Hadfield and Bannister Truelock. The princess arrived in the afternoon of 8 September 1761 and the marriage ceremony was conducted that same evening in the Chapel Royal, St James's Palace. [65] Later historians defend George by saying in the context of the times no king would willingly surrender such a large territory,[9][66] and his conduct was far less ruthless than contemporary monarchs in Europe. [52], George insisted on a new law that essentially forbade members of the royal family from legally marrying without the consent of the sovereign. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [36], In May 1762, the incumbent Whig government of Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, was replaced with one led by the Scottish Tory Lord Bute. [58] Armed conflict between British regulars and colonial militiamen broke out at the Battles of Lexington and Concord in April 1775. Related searches: george washington thomas jefferson boston tea party american revolution benjamin franklin [66][78] He finally accepted the defeat in North America and authorized peace negotiations. Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. The family moved to Leicester Square, where George and his younger brother Prince Edward, Duke of York and Albany, were educated together by private tutors. [121] The Times said: "The enthusiasm of the multitude was beyond all expression. George Washington is wearing a black suit. His affection for his immediate family circle dominated his life. His godparents were King Frederick I of Sweden (for whom Lord Baltimore stood proxy), his uncle Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha (for whom Lord Carnarvon stood proxy), and his great-aunt Sophia Dorothea, Queen in Prussia (for whom Lady Charlotte Edwin stood proxy). King George III was a monarch King George III remained loyal to the Great Britain King George III never lived outside of the British Isles George Washington lived from 1732-1799. 14,642 King George Iii Premium High Res Photos Browse 14,642 king george iii stock photos and images available, or search for george washington or thomas jefferson to find more great stock photos and pictures. King George III became. There was unprecedented growth in the rural population, which in turn provided much of the workforce for the concurrent Industrial Revolution. Did you know? "[147] In pursuing war with the American colonists, George III believed he was defending the right of an elected Parliament to levy taxes, rather than seeking to expand his own power or prerogatives. He is buried in St. Georges Chapel. George surrendered the Crown Estate to Parliamentary control in return for a civil list annuity for the support of his household and the expenses of civil government. In Britain, opinion hardened against the colonists, with Chatham now agreeing with North that the destruction of the tea was "certainly criminal". The only surviving child of Henry VIII and his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, Mary took the throne after the brief reign of her half-brother, Edward VI. The French Revolution of 1789, in which the French monarchy had been overthrown, worried many British landowners. Children's King George III Kids Colonial Costume . Family letters show that he could read and write in both English and German, as well as comment on political events of the time, by the age of eight. Color Diet Famous Persons* History, 19th Century Humans . George III was the first Hanoverian king born in England rather than Germany. From the date he ascended to the throne until 1 January 1801, he was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland. [47], Lord Rockingham, with the support of Pitt and the King, repealed Grenville's unpopular Stamp Act. [127], In late 1810, at the height of his popularity,[128] King George, already virtually blind with cataracts and in pain from rheumatism, suffered a relapse into his mental disorder and became dangerously ill. While a royal household and staff were assembled for Charlotte in London, Lord Harcourt, the royal Master of the Horse, escorted her from Strelitz to London. [87] The British people admired him for his piety and for remaining faithful to his wife. George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 1738[c] 29 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until his death in 1820. "[122] A courtier wrote on 13 November that "The King is really prepared to take the field in case of attack, his beds are ready and he can move at half an hour's warning. He famously married a series of six wives in his search for political alliance, marital bliss and a healthy male heir. [48] Lord Chatham fell ill in 1767, and Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton, took over the government. I own I wish either with spirit to get through it, or with a crash be ruined." Contemporary accounts of George III's life fall into two camps: one demonstrating "attitudes dominant in the latter part of the reign, when the King had become a revered symbol of national resistance to French ideas and French power", while the other "derived their views of the King from the bitter partisan strife of the first two decades of the reign, and they expressed in their works the views of the opposition". George III, King of Great Britain &c . 1996 Jun 29;347(9018):1811-3. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(96)91622-. . The Americans complained of taxation without representation (and staged the Boston Tea Party), but North held firm with Georges backing. 349350; Carretta, p. 285; Fraser, p. 282; Hibbert, pp. He was a monarch of the House of Hanover whounlike his two predecessorswas born in Great Britain, spoke English as his first language,[1] and never visited Hanover.[2]. Thus the early years of George III produced, inadvertently, the germ of modern party politics. Charles James Fox, however, refused to serve under Shelburne, and demanded the appointment of William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland. Queen Charlotte's husband, King George III, grappled with mental illness. According to the BBC, this plant was often used in treatment during this period, and is known for its bright blue flowers. [108], Between 1791 and 1800, almost 400,000 Africans were shipped to the Americas, by 1,340 slaving voyages, mounted from British ports, including Liverpool and Bristol. Throughout Pitt's ministry, George supported many of Pitt's political aims and created new peers at an unprecedented rate to increase the number of Pitt's supporters in the House of Lords. Georges support of Englands role in the French Revolutionary Wars of the late 1790s offered early resistance against the Napoleonic juggernaut. 399.00. George III worked for an expedited end to the The Seven Years War (1756-63), taking a position that forced his influential war minister William Pitt the Elder (who wanted to broaden the conflict) to resign in 1761. [89] Nevertheless, he set his children a strict regimen. The government of England at the time lacked effective executive machinery, and members of Parliament were always more ready to criticize than to cooperate with it. George instructed them not only to drop the measure, but also to agree never to set up such a measure again. Ayling, p. 414; Brooke, p. 374; Hibbert, p. 315. 3 Packs Adul King Robe Halloween Costume Medieval Prince King Costume Cape (Cape&Crown) 8. In 1765, Grenville introduced the Stamp Act, which levied a stamp duty on every document in the British colonies in North America. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Upon his father's death, and along with the dukedom of Edinburgh and the position of heir-apparent, he inherited his difference of a plain label of three points Argent. In the play, of course, he is played with actor Daveed Diggs, who performs the role with true panache. [109], After George's recovery, his popularity, and that of Pitt, continued to increase at the expense of Fox and the Prince of Wales. Alexander Hamilton George was born on 4 June 1738 at Norfolk House in St James's Square, London.He was a grandson of King George II, and the eldest son of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and Augusta of Saxe-Gotha.As he was born two months prematurely and thought unlikely to survive, he was baptised the same day by Thomas Secker, who was both Rector of St James's, Piccadilly, and Bishop of Oxford. The subsequent bill was unpopular in Parliament, including among George's own ministers, but passed as the Royal Marriages Act 1772. [75] Nonetheless, opposition to the costly war was increasing, and in June 1780 contributed to disturbances in London known as the Gordon riots. [9] As part of his Irish policy, Pitt planned to remove certain legal disabilities that applied to Roman Catholics. [9], In Great Britain, George III used the official style "George the Third, by the Grace of God, King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, and so forth". [41] With the American colonists generally unburdened by British taxes, the government thought it appropriate for them to pay towards the defence of the colonies against native uprisings and the possibility of French incursions. The Treaties of Paris, by which Britain recognized the independence of the American states and returned Florida to Spain, were signed in 1782 and 1783. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. Lord Gower and Lord Weymouth both resigned from the government. The King considered her inappropriate as a royal bride: she was from a lower social class and German law barred any children of the couple from the Hanoverian succession. When William Herschel discovered Uranus in 1781, he at first named it Georgium Sidus (George's Star) after the King, who later funded the construction and maintenance of Herschel's 1785 40-foot telescope, which at the time was the biggest ever built. Prices for chairs differ depending upon multiple factors, including designer, materials, construction methods, condition and provenance. King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1760 to 1820, Articles and topics related to George III of the United Kingdom, United Kingdom from 1 January 1801, following the. 329335; Brooke, pp. [9], Pitt's appointment was a great victory for George. King George III's urine and indigo blue. It may with truth be said, A boy in England born, in England bred. Britain restored to France lucrative slave-sugar islands in the West Indies, including Guadeloupe and Martinique. [69] Lord North was allied to the "King's Friends" in Parliament and believed George III had the right to exercise powers. [9][68], With the setbacks in America, Lord North asked to transfer power to Lord Chatham, whom he thought more capable, but George refused to do so; he suggested instead that Chatham serve as a subordinate minister in North's administration, but Chatham refused; he died later in the same year. His wife died in 1818 rather than Germany a personal Union under him until the of! 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