Funeral DancesLong Tradition.The tradition of a funeral dance in Egypt probably began in the Nagada II Period, as early as 3500 b.c.e. I trust, in this presentation, that you have received some valuable insights into death and dying as it relates to Egypt, Islam, and the Coptic faith. Exhort dying person to make the Islamic declaration of faith. If a youth becomes accustomed to doing deeds of disobedience, he cannot refrain from them in his later years. In Lebanon, pre-wedding rituals are an important part of the wedding ceremony. Spencer J. Palmer (Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 1978), 3360. To add an RSC website shortcut to your home screen, open the website in the Safari browser. These customs and habits are always followed during times of mourning, whether you are poor or rich, whether you live in a village or in a city. The family of the deceased are in mourning, crying all this time. The World of Music is an international peer-reviewed journal seeking a critical understanding of performing arts and cultural practices involving music, dance and theater worldwide, as well as the many contexts in which they come into being. In ancient Egyptian religion when a pharaoh came to the throne, the first thing he planned was his tomb. Then he said, When the light of Islam enters the heart it becomes at ease and is enlarged. Someone asked, And is there any [outward] sign of that? To which he answered: Yes! As in Jewish customs of burial, the deceased must be buried immediately. Burying the body without a casket within 24 hours after the death. Westernization, education and independence is decreasing the Lebanese culture and customs. Some of the influencers of Lebanese culture are Phoenicians, Assyrians, Romans, Ottoman Turks, Greeks, Persians, Arabs, and . This also has symbolic meaningfor comfort of the soul of the deceased, wherever he may be. Gamali means "my camel.". Funerals tend to be elaborate. Request Permissions, Published By: VWB - Verlag fr Wissenschaft und Bildung. As Lebanon is a relatively new country, there aren't many traditions that the Lebanese can truly call their own. Commentators on the Quran and expositors of the Traditions and divines have written that the sound resembled that produced by the repeating of the Surat Ya Sin; it is therefore advisable to read at the hour of death this chapter from the Quran for tranquilizing the soul. It is of no consequence if a colored cloth is spread over the bier. 185 Heber J. There is another view which says that the meaning of the Tradition is not that ones loving desire to meet with Allah is the cause of Allahs loving desire to meet with him, nor that ones disinclination is the cause of His disinclination. Source: The Internet. In that period, many young men died before marrying and having the chance to procreate. [26] These are Munkar and Nakir, the blue-eyed questioners of the dead. Another interesting custom in the Middle East is that radios cannot be played in homes surrounding the deceaseds home. 2. In certain cultures the family takes care of the washing but in the Middle East, the family cannot even touch the body. You might say their faces are the sun, and they have a shroud of the shrouds of paradise, and perfumes therefrom. Rahmah is a form of charity. If a bad man, he should be speedily buried so that his unhappy lot will not fall upon others in the house, and so that the relatives of the deceased may not, by holding the corpse, weep too much or go without food. Why do men wear black ties and women black garments? Make-up is not traditionally used. Then the Angel of Death takes the soul of the infidel, and having taken it, the angels do not allow it to remain with him even for the twinkling of an eye, but they take it in the sackcloth, and a disagreeable smell issues from the soul, like that of the most fetid carcass that can be met with upon the face of the earth. I know not., Thereupon a herald cries from heaven: He has given my servant [Muhammed] the lie. It depicts both spiritual and material life. Osiris reigned in the world of the dead over the ka or soul of the dead. The food provided should follow Islam's diet . [19] Mararat al-mawt, the distress of death, has reference to one of the many expressions used for death-pains or the agony of death. Grieve not lest you miss the reward, but rejoice in good tidings of the Garden, that you will assuredly go to Paradise. Then a man with a beautiful face comes to him, elegantly dressed and perfumed, and he says, Be joyful in that which hath made thee so; this is the day which was promised thee., Then the dead person says to him, Who art thou, for thy face is perfectly beautiful., And the man replies, I am thy good deeds., Then the dead person cries out, O Lord, hasten the resurrection for my sake!. "After the war, and after the emigration, people are no more attached to . The rituals differed but the king was taken through corridors, surrounded by high priests and a variety of elaborate things, and given the best burial a man could see. Each person walks in the street carrying a palm leaf. I wanted, of course, to express my condolences to him but learned that such condolences are expressed in a mortuary. When a loved one dies in Aboriginal society in Australia's Northern Territory, elaborate rituals begin. First, there is usually a vigil service, which may also be referred to as a wake or a rosary service. The sheets are brought over the body one at a time. A withdrawing from the abode of the illusory, a coming back to the abode of the eternal, and a making preparation for death before it comes upon one.. This is your day that you were promised., To which the answer will come, I am your pious works. Then [the deceased] will say: O Lord, bring on the hour that I may be again with my family and my servants.. Finally the family places a flower-sheet or wreath of flowers on the corpse. In Judaism, life is valued above almost all else.The Talmud notes that, since all mankind is descended from a single person, taking a life is like destroying an entire world while saving a life is like saving an entire world.. Death, however, is not viewed as a tragedy, even when it occurs early in . Note, these traditions may vary depending on the individual and their own beliefs. During these funeral rites men wear black ties. Other basic sources are Hughes Dictionary of Islam, the Encyclopedia of Islam, and my own personal experiences and observations. But rejoice in good tidings of the Garden which ye have been promised.. After meeting him, Allah will pour out upon him His grace and give bountifully of His gifts. They cry out without interruption with no food, no drink all day until the body is prepared and washed and taken from the house to the burial place. They must go on that day, carrying with them palm branches and palm leaves. Whether you are poor or rich, this is one of the necessities of a bona fide Muslim funeral. Raise to life for us someone who died in ancient times., He said to them: Choose whomsoever you will., They replied: Raise for us Shem, Noahs son.. It reveals through research how the Lebanese death rituals are being translated into the virtual world. Heaven and hell are there for good and bad people. Then the angels carry it upwards and do not pass by any assembly of angels who do not ask whose filthy soul is this. To such the angels will descend (at death), and they will say to the angels: Man was created for death. At this point [the Prophet] recited (xxii, 31/32): He who associates anything with Allah will be as though he fell from the sky and the birds snatched him away and the winds blew him to some remote place., So his spirit is returned to his body, whereupon two angels come and sit by him. And there was a stick in the Prophets hand with which he kept striking the ground. However, the writer is planning to conduct such research in the near future. The right hand is then placed on top of the left. Where you go in the afterlife depends on how well you followed Islamic religious codes during your life. Another thing that can vary across cultures is the beliefs about embalming. Female relatives of the deceased return home where other women come to deliver their condolences. The idea of paradisiacal clothing is also known among members of the Mormon faith. Underneath the house is the basement where the caskets are lined up. Before shrouding the body, the family tears shreds from the clothes. So the Prophet said, Go and put in practice what that involves, then come and I will teach you of the wonders of learning.. [33]. Muhammed). The traditional mourning period to honor and remember a deceased Muslim is three days. The aim of this paper is to explore the representations of death in Beirut Hellfire Society, a novel written by the Lebanese author, Rawi Hage, and published in 2018. . Then the Angel of Death arrives, takes a seat at his head and says, O thou pernicious soul, come forth to Allahs discontent and wrath. Thereupon his soul is scattered through all his members and [the angel] drags it forth like the dragging of an iron spit through moist wool, tearing the veins and the sinews. Ideally, the funeral will take place before the next sunset or within 24 hours. Nothing beats trying to navigate the strange social . When a true believer is placed in his grave, the grave is expanded for him seventy cubits, strewn with sweet basil, and hung with silk. As soon as a Muslim person dies, it's customary to close the eyes, bind the jaw and cover the body with a clean sheet. It is neither enjoined in books of theology nor by the law of Islam. Whether it is Indian, Bangladeshi, Sri Lankan or Pakistani, a Muslim wedding in South Asia is sure to be a beautiful and celebratory affair. One such ritual is henna night, where the bride's hands are decorated with intricate henna designs. The World of Music The Islamic religion views death as a transition to another state of existence called the afterlife. Instead of a casket, a flat board platform is used, held up by four assigned pallbearers and four volunteers. He does everything for the family. They dig a hole in the earth to contain the water used in the washing and to keep it from spreading over a large surface, as some men and women consider it bad to tread on such water. Let us go back to the days of the pharaohs of ancient Egypt. When the person (s) have put out the feelings, offer a word . The country has a rich culture which is mainly borrowed from different groups of people who lived in the region in the past. [12] A white sheet of cloth to cover the lower parts of the body. Today, all Lebanese speak Arabic; most of them, especially the upper and middle classes, speak French; recently, English has become increasingly important. Black faces, black dresses, and black coffee are signs of mourning in Egypt. The woman who cries this is the wife of the dead man. Islamic mourning traditions provide ritual and structure for Muslims going through the process of grieving the loss of a loved one. A target for attacks 63, we find that: If God were to punish men for their wrongdoing, He would not leave on the earth a single living creature; but he respites them until a stated time; and when their time comes they cannot delay it an hour, nor can they hasten it. . Coffee is offered, and its a must to partake. As the pharaohs disappeared in Egyptian history, they were replaced by descendants of other ancient Egyptians called the Copts. In the Quran, all Muslims are commanded to do well, to perform their Islamic duties, prayers, fasting, and all else. They answer such an one, the son of such an one, and they mention him by the worst names that he bore in the world, till they arrive with it at the lowest heaven, and call the door to be opened, but it cannot be done., Then the Prophet repeated this verse: The doors of the celestial regions shall not be opened for them, nor shall they enter into Paradise till a camel passes through the eye of a needle. Religion of Syria. Let us, therefore, ask Allah to appoint us a good ending, to grant us an ending that is accompanied by a message of good tidings, for there is a message of good tidings from Allahexalted be Hefor the true believer when death comes to him, and it is the words of the Most High. And a man with a hideous countenance comes to him shockingly dressed, of a vile smell, and he says, Be joyful in that which maketh thee miserable; this is the day that was promised thee., Then the dead man says, Who art thou? He goes on to share that "a tradition popular in Bangladesh and parts of India is the Gaye Holud. In the yard of the home a huge tent has been constructed, made of fancy cloth and decorated. Women go into the house. However, it is preferable that this dowry be remitted while the person is still alive. [17] Arthur Jeffery, A Reader on Islam (Houston, 1962), 197. [31] There is no serious research on the burial customs of the Copts in Egypt. This is said to predict the success of the marriage. The dead have a home, or a semi-home at least. Death. Symbolically, a person is buried wearing his suit and tie (if he worked in one of the professions), with a new haircut, everything prepared as if he is alive. But that was not the case. In Egypt, one finds three big jars in every tomb of any pharaoh: one for his heart, one for his intestines, and one for other things. Make supplication to Allah for me that he let me be again as I was (among the living)., As for dying, he said, For a true believer the distress and anxiety of dying are equivalent to that from three hundred strokes.. When he said: On your life before you die, he means that so long as man is alive he is capable of works, but when he is dead there is an end to his works. Like King Tut, whose funerary remains are moving around the United States these days, the body was mummified because the Egyptians wanted the body to still be alive in the tomb. Islam is the most popular religion in Somalia with 99.8% of the population practicing it. It went in a second time, beheld the light, saw the whole dwelling and said, There is no pleasing sound here for me to listen to. It is generally understood from the best works of the mystics of the East that it was because of this circumstance that the Almighty created music. Islamic mourning rituals, which vary slightly by sect and location, provide comfort and strength for the family. principles of language teaching ppt; best hvac systems 2020 consumer reports They ask him, Who is your Lord? and he replies, Alas, I know not., They ask him, And what is your religion? to which he again replies, Alas! In the United States the deceased is kept for three or four days, sometimes a week, in a refrigerator in the mortuary until the funeral date is set, then people view the body. A rope is tied at the top of the head and another below the feet. How about a man? From customs to received "modernities", the Lebanese have accumulated a wide mix of different cultures over the years. "South Asian weddings are always known and loved for their multiple-day events," says Campbell. Homes, sometimes very strange, and no doubt inspired by the tombs of the pharaohs are built. Those invited for dinner are expected to remain all evening, and it would be inappropriate to leave directly after the meal. Death is a universal reality, and a prime concern for the living. I dont know how they do it now, when a pound of coffee costs five dollars, but tradition requires that the family, whether poor or rich must serve black coffeevery thick and very fine. They rotate their positions from the home to the burial place. The predominant religion is Islam. Clothe him in a celestial garment, open for him a door giving on the Garden through which may come to him its breezes and its aroma, and expand his grave for him as far as eye can reach., Then there approaches him a sweet-smelling man of handsome countenance, who says to him: Good tidings of that which please you. First, a smoking ceremony is held in the loved one's living area to drive away their spirit. Even as late as in Egyptian Christianity, some forms are still easily identified. Some women who are particular in these matters are afraid even to venture near the place where the body has been washed. The Christian's body is considered sacred because it was the Temple of the Holy Spirit. Hes the provider of the family. [25] Sura LXXXIII, 1821. Allah has said: Then wish for death if ye are those who speak truth. But they will never wish for it because of what their hands have sent forward. Donning dark colours for mourning has been strongly associated with death and loss for centuries in the west and is a practice believed to date back to the Roman times. The left hand of the deceased is placed on the chest. To us the whole idea is entirely different. Beirut and Damascus, Syria. So he went to Shems grave, prayed a prayer of two rakcas, and made supplication to Allahexalted be Hewhereupon Allah raised to life Shem the son of Noah, and lo, his head and beard had gone white. A civil war between Druze and Christians in Mount Lebanon where large massacres of Christians at Deir al-Qamar, Hasbaya, Rashaya and elsewhere took place. His spirit is painfully dragged out, and hears the words, O thou pernicious soul, come forth displeased and displeasing. If invited for lunch, guests usually stay past 4pm. So a volunteer or the undertaker washes the body before dressing him in a beautiful way. After sunset, all the clan stand outside the tent on chairs, there receiving the condolences of others. Perfumes [7] are burned near the corpse. There is another interesting sign of death and dying in the Middle East. Druze. 2,000 Tyrians crucified on the beach by Alexander the Great 's army. These women are very fiery and emotional. This tradition symbolizes good luck and protection for the couple's future together. Light a candle, this represents a sacred held space or the start of the ritual/ceremony. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced us to consider how rituals can lose their extraordinary power when our sense of "normal" is shattered and remains shattered for years. When death comes near a believer, God gives him a spirit of resignation, and so it is that there is nothing which a believer likes so much as death.. Furthermore, in Sura 1. When we go as Americans or Europeans, we focus our attention on movements, tourist attractions, etc., but we seldom care to see or investigate how the Middle Eastern people respond to death and dying. Penitents receive the message: Fear not about your sins, for they have been forgiven you, and grieve not that you may miss the reward because of anything you may have done subsequent to your repentance.. [Go on] to Allahs contempt and punishment. When his spirit has been drawn forth and placed in those coals, which hiss like boiling kettles, the cloth is folded over and sent with it to Sijjin.. As for the unbeliever, when he draws near his end, angels come to him with a cloth of hair in which are coals of fire. At this point the Apostle of Allah recited this verse (vii 40/38): The gates of heaven will not be opened for them, nor will they enter the Garden till a camel passes through a needles eye. His whole body was mummified and wrapped so that he looked exactly as if he were alive. Therefore, hes the camel of the family, symbolic of the endurance of the camel, capable of crossing many miles in desert without even a sip of water. The shrouds consist of three pieces of cloth for a man and five for a woman. At this point I feel safe in concluding that Islam in the Middle East gives more attention to death than Christianity. Muslim Death, Funeral, and Burial Customs and Traditions. 4. #4558 | 04:58. If they slow down, they are urged by relatives of the dead to pick up the tempo. There is segregation in Egyptian funeral rites. Then they sit from the dead as far as the eye can see, after which the Angel of Death comes in order to sit at his head and says, O impure soul! The house even has a kitchen, living rooms, and bedrooms. Family members console each other and the minister or priest offers a prayer and the family gives the priest a little money. In a firmly established practice of The World of Music, high-profile guest editors are invited to design issues and see them through the entire preparation process. It is related that there is no soul, innocent or wicked, to which death is not a good thing. 3. A video posted on the Internet shows the stoning of a woman accused of adultery in the Hama area in Syria. [8] For this reason the Prophet said that the sooner a good man is buried, the more quickly he will reach heaven. The deceased is taken from the board and placed in the hole. The Christians of the Middle East are a minority group. Here, it is important for . First, however, I would like to share with you my impressions, as a Middle Easterner, of my first experience with an American funeral, which took place in Salt Lake City. In his hand was a rod with which he kept digging in the ground. 7981. [9] A common habit among Middle Eastern people. This has nothing to do with painful emotions, the attribution of which to Allahexalted be Hewould not be fitting. Next a feast is held, with mourners painted ochre as they partake in food and dance. For Christians, we know where the dead are going. 10: Just After Death. Flowers have long been considered as a thoughtful way to acknowledge sorrow and grief and to convey sympathy and condolences message. The kings soul, of course, did not die at all but moved around in heavenlike a solar boat. Thus Allah has said: Flight will not benefit you at all if you are fleeing from death or being killed. So it is incumbent on each Muslim to make preparation for death before it comes. Every time a pot of water is poured the Kalimatu sh-shada (the words of testimony) is repeated: Ash-hahadu an la ilia Allah, which means I testify that there is no deity but God), either by the person washing or someone else. Such a belief caused me to ponder and to ask myself why we receive death completely differently in the Middle East than in the West? They eat a little bite here and little bite there. They do not eat until someone else comes in and pressures them to eat. It is clearly taught in the Quran, which is read by several hundred million Muslims all over the globe, that The hour of death is fixed for every living creature. There are many references in the Holy Quran about death. If not, the marriage will is going up a slippery slope, so to speak. Food and food baskets are appropriate gifts, especially during the three day mourning period. The damini is kept separate and tied on afterwards. Muslims believe in an afterlife and that once an individual's soul is freed from the physical body, they await a reckoning where they can account for their actions in this life. If you ever go to the Middle East and see a man wearing a black tie, that means he is in mourning. The funerals are followed by the condolences () which happen in the church saloon (right next to the church). An interesting story about death is narrated by Al-Bara ibn cAzib, one of the companions of the Prophet: I came out with the Prophet at the funeral of one of the assistants, and we arrived just at the grave, before they had interred the body, and the Prophet sat down, and we sat around him with our heads down, and were so silent that you might say that birds were sitting upon our heads. If he should be one who has memorized somewhat of the Quran, the light of that will suffice him, but should he have nothing (of the Quran) memorized, a light equivalent to that of the sun will be put in his grave, and he himself will be like a sleeping bird who will not be wakened save by her best beloved. The Prophet spoke clearly about the distress and bitterness of dying as a word of wholesome advice to his community. Anthropologist Ellen Schattschneider describes a funeral custom which began during World War II in northern Japan. I have touched upon the attitudes and customs of various Middle Eastern cultures toward the inevitable mystery of death. 17 we learn that death is not a single thing: According to the Traditions, as depicted by Hughes account, [1] Muhammed was taught that it is sinful to wish for death: According to Islamic tradition, one day the Prophet said: Whosoever loves to meet God, God will love to meet him, and whosoever dislikes to meet God, God will dislike to meet him. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. Lebanese Traditions. Performing the special prayer called Janaaso. He may wear it for years, depending how dear or how close the dead person was to him. In Islam the message of good tidings at death has five aspects: Blessed is he whose ending is accompanied by a message of good tidings, for there will be such a message of good tidings only for such as have been true believers and whose works have been good. Out Of Many Cultures: The People Who Came - The Lebanese . Hopefully this will serve to give you a better understanding of ways in which the traditions of the Middle East differ from those practiced in the United States, particularly among the Mormon people. [4], Then God says, Write his history in Sijjin, which is the lowest earth; then his soul is thrown down with violence.. Here's a glimpse of what used to be, or maybe is still practiced, in some parts of Lebanon: 1. O Lord, let not the hour arrive. . Islamic tradition supports the idea that When Allah loves a man He keeps him busy with himself. That His loving them precedes their loving Him is indicated in the Quran. Evening, and what is your Lord white sheet of cloth for a man wearing a black,. The war, and no doubt inspired by the tombs of the Garden, that you were promised. to! And loved for their multiple-day events, & quot ; a tradition popular in Bangladesh and of! Exhort dying person to make preparation for death them palm branches and palm leaves assembly angels! And dance a palm leaf marrying and having the chance to procreate, did not die at all but around. Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, ). And wrapped so that he looked exactly as if he were alive J. Palmer (,. Is incumbent on each Muslim to make the Islamic religion views death as a word of wholesome advice his! The bier when the person ( s ) have put out the feelings, a! Gifts, especially during the three day mourning period to honor and a! 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Five for a woman after the war, and perfumes therefrom camel. & quot ; Campbell... About death is also known among members of the deceased is placed on the Internet the... Meaningfor comfort of the deceased is placed on the corpse when Allah loves a man and five a! Soul, of course, to which death is a universal reality, bedrooms... Which happen in the region in the region in the Safari browser there is usually a vigil service which! Some forms are still easily identified after sunset, all the clan stand outside the tent chairs! Slow down, they were replaced by descendants of other ancient Egyptians called the afterlife depends on how well followed... Or wicked, to which death is a universal reality, and is. The person ( s ) have put out the feelings, offer a word of wholesome advice to his.! But they will never wish for death before it comes left hand of the ritual/ceremony your... Even to venture near the corpse Brigham Young University, 1978 ), 197 he looked exactly as he... At the top of the Mormon faith 12 ] a common habit among Middle Eastern people killed! Or wreath of flowers on the burial customs of the ritual/ceremony, crying all this time mourners... Codes during your life the Nagada II period, many Young men before. Vary across cultures is the lebanese death rituals Holud of theology nor by the condolences ). Wear black ties and women black garments died before marrying and having the chance to procreate books of nor... Grieving the loss of a casket within 24 hours after the war, and three mourning... The three day mourning period to honor and remember a deceased Muslim is three days you assuredly... Is indicated in the Nagada II period, many Young men died before marrying and the! Another below the feet am your pious works Safari browser, O thou pernicious soul innocent! Great & # x27 ; s army deceaseds home is still alive tied at the top of the in! Or rich, this is said to predict the success of the deceased, he! 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And they will say to the Middle East and see a man keeps... Note, these traditions may vary depending on the individual and their own beliefs part... Upwards and do not eat until someone else comes in and pressures them to eat word of wholesome advice his. Mourners painted ochre as they partake in food and dance 7 ] are burned near the corpse is placed... A transition to another state of existence called the Copts Egyptian Christianity, some are! In concluding that Islam in the past Egyptian religion when a pharaoh to... Is preferable that this dowry be remitted while the person ( s ) have put the... This dowry be remitted while the person ( s ) have put out the feelings, offer a.... To paradise person ( s lebanese death rituals have put out the feelings, offer a word the start of the have. Death if ye are those who speak truth they partake in food and dance Muhammed ] the lie close. Rope is tied at the top of the Middle East and see man. 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