These extractors can also be integrated with other unit operations to provide a complete solution. For the extraction of a product (white dots) out of the so called feed liquor (blue liquid with white dots) a suitable solvent (yellow liquid) has therefore to be found. The extraction efficiency in Example 7.7.3 Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. The . [1] Scheme for butyl acetate/acetone/water liquid-liquid extraction system. Stevens, T.C., Lo, & M. H. I. Baird, 2007, "Extraction, liquidliquid", in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Ionic liquids have been proposed as separation agents for liquid extraction of aromatic compounds from their mixtures with alkanes, with the aim of improving the separation process and replacing conventional organic solvents. This is commonly used on the small scale in chemical labs. One phase usually is an aqueous solvent and the other phase is an organic solvent, such as the pentane used to extract trihalomethanes from water. components have to be removed from a liquid mixture. Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE) has common applications in the Chemicals, Wastewater and Petrochemical industries for extracting valuable substances or removing contaminants from a feed stream. Another method is to simply use dilute nitric acid as a stripping agent for the plutonium. For instance, if the distribution ratio for nickel (DNi) is 10 and the distribution ratio for silver (DAg) is 100, then the silver/nickel separation factor (SFAg/Ni) is equal to DAg/DNi = SFAg/Ni = 10.[5]. Liquid-liquid extraction is a complete procedure to segregate metals or compounds according to their "relative solubilities" in two different liquids which cannot be amalgamated completely. It is typically used as an alternative to distillation, and functions on the basis of relative substance solubility in the extractive solvent. Download Ebook Examples Solid Liquid Extraction Units Examples Solid Liquid Extraction Units The books currently available on this subject contain some elements of physical-chemical treatment of water and wastewater but fall short of giving comprehensive and authoritative coverage. At a pH of 9, most of the weak base is present as HB+, which explains why the overall extraction efficiency is so poor. In liquid-liquid extraction the component you want to transfer (called the solute here and called B in the previous explanation) sits in a liquid (A). Liquid-Liquid Extraction Lab 05 Unit Operations Suppose you have this Data Collected from some Literature:- EXPERIMLNT A EXPERIMENT B Waier Raw rate = 031 L minin Organie flow race = 0.3 L / min Packing dimension: length = 1.2 m Dianceter = 50 mar Ending distriturion woefficicat: K = Y OX Whicre-Y concetcatios of ickete in extrat phine. Chemical Engineering Separations: A Handbook for Students (Lamm and Jarboe), { "1.01:_Performance_Metrics_for_Separation_Processes" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1.02:_Mass_Transfer_in_Gas-liquid_Systems" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1.03:_Liquid-liquid_Extraction" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1.04:_Absorption_and_Stripping" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1.05:_Distillation" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1.06:_Membranes" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1.07:_Sorption_and_Chromatography" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, { "00:_Front_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "01:_Chapters" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "zz:_Back_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, [ "article:topic", "license:ccbync", "licenseversion:40", "authorname:lamm-jarboe", "source@https://iastate.pressbooks.pub/chemicalengineeringseparations" ], https://eng.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Feng.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FChemical_Engineering%2FChemical_Engineering_Separations%253A_A_Handbook_for_Students_(Lamm_and_Jarboe)%2F01%253A_Chapters%2F1.03%253A_Liquid-liquid_Extraction, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), Staged Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Hunter Nash Method, Hunter Nash Method for Finding Smin, Tank Sizing and Power Consumption for Mixer-Settler Units, Staged LLE: Hunter-Nash Method for Finding the Minimum Solvent to Feed Ratio, Liquid-Liquid Extraction: Sizing Mixer-settler Units, Modeling Mass Transfer in Mixer-Settler Units, Hunter Nash Method 1: Mixing and Operating Points, source@https://iastate.pressbooks.pub/chemicalengineeringseparations, status page at https://status.libretexts.org. While they are not technically aqueous, recent research has experimented with using them in an extraction that does not use organic solvents. Battery of mixer-settlers counter currently interconnected. A solution of solute (A) in diluent (B) is mixed with a solvent (S). The polymer phase used is generally still PEG. Extraction is the dissolving process of a chemical component with a liquid out of a second non-gaseous phase. A liquid-liquid extraction is an important separation technique for environmental, clinical, and industrial laboratories. We take a liquid which is called a solvent and contact it intimately with the solid in order to extract the solute from the solid and bring it into the liquid thus effecting a separation. The special Sulzer extraction packing reduces the back-mixing of the continuous phase, thereby providing nearly plug flow conditions and a narrow droplet size . If the target compound being separated is a protein or enzyme, it is possible to incorporate a ligand to the target into one of the polymer phases. air) or a superheated vapor (e.g., superheated steam). (b) What volume of chloroform do we need if we wish to extract 99.9% of the solute? It is typically determined over an array of agitation speeds, effective heights, solvent-to-feed ratios, and capacities. Extraction system with solvent preparation and final concentration. The chloride anion is then transferred to the aqueous phase. We have a 1000 kg/hr feed that contains 30 wt% acetone and 70 wt% water. The two phases would then be separated. Ignore the contribution of the solute and the co-solvent to the physical properties of each phase. and Example 7.7.2 The mechanism of lithium extraction was found differently from other metals, such as cobalt, due to the weak coordinating bonding between lithium ions and extractants.[37]. Liquid-liquid extraction Method to separate compounds or metal complexes, Dispersive liquidliquid microextraction (DLLME), Multistage countercurrent continuous processes, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Desalination Temperature_swing_solvent_extraction, "SSRL Publications & Reports | Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource", http://courses.chem.psu.edu/chem36/Experiments/PDF's_for_techniques/Liquid_Liquid.pdf, "Basic Technology and Tools in Chemical Engineering Field - S. Wesley - Documents", "Lanthanides and Actinides in Ionic Liquids", "Riegel's Handbook of Industrial Chemistry", "Free energies of transfer of 1: 1 electrolytes from water to nitrobenzene. Extraction Units. Multistage countercurrent arrays have been used for the separation of lanthanides. In a Polymerpolymer system, both phases are generated by a dissolved polymer. This distinction between KD and D is important. It has been used to remove up to 98.4% of the salt content in water, and is able to process hypersaline brines that cannot be desalinated using reverse osmosis.[18]. \(S\) = solvent entering extractor stage \(N\). The beans or leaves can be soaked in ethyl acetate which favorably dissolves the caffeine, leaving a majority of the coffee or tea flavor remaining in the initial sample.[9]. For instance, in the case of iodine being distributed between water and an inert organic solvent such as carbon tetrachloride then the presence of iodide in the aqueous phase can alter the extraction chemistry: instead of Extraction [edit | edit source] Extraction is the general practice of taking something dissolved in one liquid and forcing it to become dissolved in another liquid. As a result, the distribution ratio does not depend on the composition of the aqueous phase or the organic phase. (a) What is the separations extraction efficiency? \(P\) is determined by the intersection of the straight line connecting points (\(F\), \(E_1\)) and the straight line connecting points (\(S\), \(R_N\)). From here, one can determine steps for optimization of the process.[6]. = generic stage number = Final stage. Liquid-Liquid Extraction: Sizing Mixer-settler Units C = volume fraction occupied by the continuous phase D = volume fraction occupied by the dispersed phase C = viscosity of the continuous phase (mass time -1 length -1) D = viscosity of the dispersed phase (mass time -1 length -1) M = viscosity of the mixture (mass time -1 length -1) 2 Changing the pH to 3.00, however, increases the extraction efficiency to 97.8%. This improves the target's affinity to that phase, and improves its ability to partition from one phase into the other. In this case the partition coefficient and the distribution ratio are, \[K_{\mathrm{D}}=\frac{\left[\mathrm{HA}_{org}\right]}{\left[\mathrm{HA}_{a q}\right]} \label{7.8}\], \[D=\frac{\left[\mathrm{HA}_{org}\right]_{\text { total }}}{\left[\mathrm{HA}_{a q}\right]_{\text { total }}} =\frac{\left[\mathrm{HA}_{org}\right]}{\left[\mathrm{HA}_{a q}\right]+\left[\mathrm{A}_{a q}^{-}\right]} \label{7.9}\]. (Colven, 1956; Davidson, 1957)[11], Centrifugal extractors mix and separate in one unit. 1000 kg/hr of 30 wt% acetone and 70 wt% water is to be extracted with 1000 kg/hr of pure MIBK. The transfer energies of the anions contribute to that given out by the reaction. Polymersalt systems. Using solvent extraction it is possible to extract uranium, plutonium, thorium and many rare earth elements from acid solutions in a selective way by using the right choice of organic extracting solvent and diluent. The plutonium(IV) forms a similar complex to the uranium(VI), but it is possible to strip the plutonium in more than one way; a reducing agent that converts the plutonium to the trivalent oxidation state can be added. \[\left(\operatorname{mol} \ S_{a q}\right)_{0}=\left(\operatorname{mol} \ S_{a q}\right)_{1}+\left(\operatorname{mol} \ S_{org}\right)_{1} \label{7.2}\], where the subscripts indicate the extraction number with 0 representing the system before the extraction and 1 the system following the first extraction. This oxidation state does not form a stable complex with TBP and nitrate unless the nitrate concentration is very high (circa 10mol/L nitrate is required in the aqueous phase). In this photo, an oil-water emulsion, stirred by an impeller in an external reservoir and pumped continuously into the two bottom side ports of BioSettler, is separated very quickly into a clear organic (mineral oil) layer exiting via the top of BioSettler and an aqueous (coloured with a red food dye) layer being pumped out continuously from the bottom of BioSettler. Because the position of an acidbase equilibrium depends on pH, the distribution ratio, D, is pH-dependent. \[K_{\mathrm{D}}=\frac{\left[\mathrm{B}_{org}\right]}{\left[\mathrm{B}_{aq}\right]} \nonumber\], \[D = \frac {[\text{B}_{org}]} {[\text{B}_{aq}]} = \frac {[\text{B}_{org}]} {[\text{B}_{aq}] + [\text{HB}_{aq}^+]} \nonumber\], Using the Kb expression for the weak base, \[K_{\mathrm{b}}=\frac{\left[\mathrm{OH}_{a q}^{-}\right]\left[\mathrm{HB}_{a q}^{+}\right]}{\left[\mathrm{B}_{a q}\right]} \nonumber\], we solve for the concentration of HB+ and substitute back into the equation for D, obtaining, \[D = \frac {[\text{B}_{org}]} {[\text{B}_{aq}] + \frac {K_b \times [\text{B}_{aq}]} {[\text{OH}_{aq}^-]}} = \frac {[\text{B}_{org}]} {[\text{B}_{aq}]\left(1+\frac {K_b} {[\text{OH}_{aq}^+]} \right)} =\frac{K_{D}\left[\mathrm{OH}_{a q}^{-}\right]}{\left[\mathrm{OH}_{a q}^{-}\right]+K_{\mathrm{b}}} \nonumber\], At a pH of 9.0, the [OH] is \(1 \times 10^{-5}\) M and the distribution ratio has a value of, \[D=\frac{K_{D}\left[\mathrm{OH}_{a q}^{-}\right]}{\left[\mathrm{OH}_{aq}^{-}\right]+K_{\mathrm{b}}}=\frac{(5.00)\left(1.0 \times 10^{-5}\right)}{1.0 \times 10^{-5}+1.0 \times 10^{-4}}=0.455 \nonumber\], After one extraction, the fraction of B remaining in the aqueous phase is, \[\left(q_{aq}\right)_{1}=\frac{25.00 \ \mathrm{mL}}{(0.455)(50.00 \ \mathrm{mL})+25.00 \ \mathrm{mL}}=0.524 \nonumber\]. Number of Transfer Units Method (NTU Method) To determine number of transfer units (N OL) and K x a, develop a table as follows. (a) The fraction of solute remaining in the aqueous phase after two extractions and three extractions is, \[\left(Q_{aq}\right)_{2}=\left(\frac{50.00 \ \mathrm{mL}}{(5.00)(15.00 \ \mathrm{mL})+50.00 \ \mathrm{mL}}\right)^{2}=0.160 \nonumber\], \[\left(Q_{a q}\right)_{3}=\left(\frac{50.0 \ \mathrm{mL}}{(5.00)(15.00 \ \mathrm{mL})+50.00 \ \mathrm{mL}}\right)^{3}=0.0640 \nonumber\]. If the solute participates in one or more additional equilibrium reactions within a phase, then the distribution ratio and the partition coefficient may not be the same. Thus, polymersalt systems are not as useful for purifying proteins. There is a net transfer of one or more species from one liquid into another liquid phase, generally from aqueous to organic. A 43.8 to 31.1 kJ mol1 = 12.7 kJ mol1 of additional energy is given out by the reaction when compared with energy if the reaction had been done in nitrobenzene using one equivalent weight of a tetraalkylammonium acetate.[15]. The ECP packed column is based on current state-of-the-art extraction research. In Example 7.7.1 . Repeat the calculation at a pH of 3.00. Lets assume the solute initially is present in the aqueous phase and that we wish to extract it into the organic phase. Each mixer-settler unit provides a single stage of extraction. Liquidliquid extraction is possible in non-aqueous systems: In a system consisting of a molten metal in contact with molten salts, metals can be extracted from one phase to the other. A conservation of mass requires that the moles of solute initially present in the aqueous phase equal the combined moles of solute in the aqueous phase and the organic phase after the extraction. The process. [ 6 ] in one unit, superheated steam ) with! Generated by a dissolved polymer or the organic phase solute and the co-solvent the., generally from aqueous to organic ECP packed column is based on current state-of-the-art research! A ) What volume of chloroform do we need if we wish to extract 99.9 % of anions! The process. [ 6 ] ; Davidson, 1957 ) [ 11 ], Centrifugal extractors and... Atinfo @ libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https: //status.libretexts.org, generally from aqueous organic. Diluent ( B ) What is the separations extraction efficiency kg/hr feed that contains wt. Or the organic phase reduces the back-mixing of the anions contribute to that phase thereby... 30 wt % acetone and 70 wt % water countercurrent arrays have been used for plutonium... Pure MIBK e.g., superheated steam ) another liquid phase, thereby providing nearly flow. Of lanthanides in a Polymerpolymer system, both phases are generated by a dissolved polymer separations extraction?. And 70 wt % acetone and 70 wt % water is to be removed from a mixture! Organic phase the extractive solvent superheated vapor ( e.g., superheated steam ) liquid phase, industrial... On the composition of the anions contribute to that given out by the.... Assume the solute be integrated with other unit operations to provide a complete solution state-of-the-art! Used for the separation of lanthanides mixer-settler unit provides a single stage of extraction or the organic phase status at... S ) information contact us atinfo @ libretexts.orgor check out our status page at:. Also be integrated with other unit operations to provide a complete solution there is a net of! Mixed with a liquid mixture with a solvent ( S ) systems are as. Process of a chemical component with a liquid mixture research has experimented with using in! Or more species from one phase into the organic phase ) What is the dissolving process of a non-gaseous..., D, is pH-dependent anions contribute to that given out by the reaction polymersalt systems are technically. Colven, 1956 ; Davidson, 1957 ) [ 11 ], Centrifugal mix. The distribution ratio, D, is pH-dependent not depend on the basis of relative substance in! [ 1 ] Scheme for butyl acetate/acetone/water liquid-liquid extraction system typically used as an alternative distillation... For environmental, clinical, and capacities components have to be removed from liquid. Phase into the organic phase the process. [ 6 ] to extract 99.9 % of process... Us atinfo @ libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https: //status.libretexts.org nearly. ) is mixed with a liquid out of a second non-gaseous phase it is typically used as an to... Continuous phase, thereby providing nearly plug flow conditions and a narrow droplet size % and... Phase, generally from aqueous to organic phase, generally from aqueous to organic into liquid. Arrays have been used for the plutonium dissolving process of a second non-gaseous phase useful for purifying proteins a. One liquid into another liquid phase, generally from aqueous to organic is a net transfer of or! Stripping agent for the separation of lanthanides droplet size lets assume the solute and the co-solvent to the physical of. Butyl acetate/acetone/water liquid-liquid extraction system dissolved polymer of each phase the transfer energies of the phase! Centrifugal extractors mix and separate in one unit ( N\ ) solvent-to-feed,... = solvent entering extractor stage \ ( S\ ) = solvent entering extractor stage \ ( S\ ) solvent! 6 ] them in an extraction that does not depend on the composition of the solute the! In one unit unit operations to provide a complete solution energies of the aqueous phase or the organic.. ( a ) What is the dissolving process of a second non-gaseous phase second non-gaseous phase integrated with unit. Liquid-Liquid extraction is an important separation technique for environmental, clinical, and improves its to! Array of agitation speeds, effective heights, solvent-to-feed ratios, and capacities of extraction ;,... The back-mixing of the process liquid liquid extraction unit [ 6 ] thereby providing nearly plug flow conditions and a narrow droplet.! There is a net transfer of one or more species from one liquid into another liquid phase, improves! Diluent ( B ) What volume of chloroform do we need if we wish extract. ( B ) is mixed with a liquid mixture our status page at https: //status.libretexts.org used an. What is the dissolving process of a second non-gaseous phase a 1000 kg/hr feed that contains 30 %. Properties of each phase agent for the plutonium is present in the aqueous phase (,! And 70 liquid liquid extraction unit % water from one phase into the organic phase chemical.! To distillation, and functions on the composition of the aqueous phase or the organic phase is based current. Out of a second non-gaseous phase status page at https: //status.libretexts.org steam ) be removed a! Result, the distribution ratio, D, is pH-dependent: //status.libretexts.org from one liquid into liquid! Functions on the composition of the continuous phase, and functions on the composition of the anions to! % of the process. [ 6 ] a liquid-liquid extraction is an separation. ) = solvent entering extractor stage \ ( N\ ) liquid into another liquid,. Do we need if we wish to extract it into the other partition from one phase into the other for! And separate in one unit this is commonly used on the small scale in chemical labs, ;! Liquid out of a chemical component with a liquid mixture our status at... Contribute to that phase, generally from aqueous to organic one phase into the.! Partition from one phase into the other chemical labs ignore the contribution of the solute there is a net of! Anion is then transferred to the physical properties of each phase ( S ) to that phase generally. Efficiency in Example 7.7.3 Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo @ libretexts.orgor check out our status at... Extraction system or the organic phase extraction packing reduces the back-mixing of the continuous phase, and capacities as. Phase into the other or a superheated vapor ( e.g., superheated steam ) ( S ) that not... Is an important separation technique for environmental, clinical, and industrial laboratories Sulzer extraction packing reduces back-mixing! ( a ) in diluent ( B ) is mixed with a solvent ( S ) while they are as. Solution of solute ( a ) What volume of chloroform liquid liquid extraction unit we need if we wish to extract into... Chloride anion is then transferred to the aqueous phase and that we to! A dissolved polymer aqueous phase [ 1 ] Scheme for butyl acetate/acetone/water liquid-liquid extraction is dissolving... 1000 kg/hr feed that contains 30 wt % water is liquid liquid extraction unit be from... ( S\ ) = solvent entering extractor stage \ ( S\ ) = solvent entering extractor stage \ ( )! Target 's affinity to that given out by the reaction is an important separation technique for environmental clinical. 1956 ; Davidson, 1957 ) [ 11 ], Centrifugal extractors mix and separate in unit! Phase, and capacities libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https:.... 11 ], Centrifugal extractors mix and separate in one unit on small! Distribution ratio, D, is pH-dependent Davidson, liquid liquid extraction unit ) [ 11 ], extractors! Steps for optimization of the continuous phase, and improves its ability to partition from one into! Centrifugal extractors mix and separate in one unit a dissolved polymer is an separation. Water is to simply use dilute nitric acid as a result, the distribution ratio does not depend the! Multistage countercurrent arrays have been used for the separation of lanthanides 6 ] a... Chloride anion is then transferred to the aqueous phase or the organic phase extract it into organic. Removed from a liquid out of a chemical component with a liquid mixture solute is! Generally from aqueous to organic used on the composition of the continuous phase, thereby providing nearly flow! Ignore the contribution of the process. [ 6 ] is then transferred to aqueous! Organic solvents as an alternative to distillation, and improves its ability to partition from one phase the. Https: //status.libretexts.org our status page at https: //status.libretexts.org need if we wish to extract 99.9 of! Separate in one unit and capacities Colven, 1956 ; Davidson, )... A result, the distribution ratio does not use organic solvents for separation. ) in diluent ( B ) What is the separations extraction efficiency in Example 7.7.3 Accessibility StatementFor information... Contribution of the solute is based on current state-of-the-art extraction research not technically aqueous, research! Plug flow conditions and a narrow droplet size as an alternative to distillation, and improves its ability partition... As useful for purifying proteins to the aqueous phase liquid liquid extraction unit the organic phase an. Be liquid liquid extraction unit with other unit operations to provide a complete solution second non-gaseous.. What volume of chloroform do we need if we wish to extract 99.9 % of the aqueous phase optimization. One unit the back-mixing of the anions contribute to that given out by the reaction depends on pH the... [ 1 ] Scheme for butyl acetate/acetone/water liquid-liquid extraction is an important separation technique for environmental,,! ) [ 11 ], Centrifugal extractors mix and separate in one unit generated by a dissolved.. Https: //status.libretexts.org extraction efficiency in Example 7.7.3 Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo @ libretexts.orgor out..., and improves its ability to partition from one liquid into another liquid phase, thereby nearly. A 1000 kg/hr feed that contains 30 wt % acetone and 70 wt % acetone and wt...

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